In Desert and Wilderness (Polish: W pustyni i w puszczy) is a popular young adult novel by Polish author and Nobel Prize-winning novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz, written in 1911. It is the author's only novel written for children/teenagers. In Desert and Wilderness tells the story of two young friends, Sta? Tarkowski (14 years old) and Nel Rawlison (8 years old), kidnapped by rebels during Mahdi's rebellion in Sudan. It was adapted for film twice, in 1973 and in 2001.
Video In Desert and Wilderness
Plot
The story takes place in the 19th century Egypt, during Mahdist War. A 14-year-old Polish boy Stanis?aw (Sta?) Tarkowski and 8-year-old English girl Nel Rawlison live with their families and grow up in the city of Port Said. Their fathers are engineers who supervise the maintenance of the Suez Canal. One day an anti-British rebellion begins in Sudan, led by a Muslim preacher Mahdi. Sta? and Nel are captured as hostages by a group of Arabs who hope that they can exchange the children for Fatima, Mahdi's distant relative, who had been arrested by the British at the beginning of the novel.
Nel and Sta? are forced to travel through the Sahara Desert to Khartoum, where they are to be presented to Mahdi. The journey is difficult and exhausting, especially for delicate and vulnerable Nel. Sta?, who is a brave and responsible boy, protects his friend from the abductors' cruelty, even though that means that he is beaten and punished. His plans to escape fail, and the children gradually lose their hope.
When the group arrive in Khartoum (precisely - Omdurman) the Arabs are disappointed by the fact that Mahdi - busy with leading the revolt - ignored their "mission" and turned down their offers. They take their anger and frustration on the children.
Sta? is summoned to meet with the Mahdi and turns down the rebel leader's offer to convert to Islam. For that he is strongly reprimanded by other European captives, who did agree to convert in order to save themselves. A clergyman tells Sta? that such a forced conversion does not count since "God sees what is inside your heart" and that by his intransigence Sta? may have doomed Nel to terrible death.
Sta? and Nel, exhausted by heat, thirst, hunger and poor treatment, live for some time in the city ruined by war, poverty and diseases. After a while the children and Arabs in another journey further south, to Fashoda.
One day the group encounters a lion who attacks them. The Arabs (who don't know how to fire a shotgun) hand in the weapon to Sta? and beg him to shoot the beast. Sta? kills the lion, and then shoots down the Arabs as well. This is dictated by the despair and fury: the boy knows that the men were not going to set the children free. He hated the Arabs for abusing them - especially Nel.
Free of the Arabs, the children are marooned in the depth of Africa. They set out in an arduous journey through the African desert and jungle in hope that sooner or later they encounter British explorers or British army. The journey is full of dangers and adventures. The children, accompanied by two black slaves (a boy named Kali and a girl named Mea) whom Sta? had freed from the Arabs, encounter a number of wonders and perils.
The children stop for a rest on a beautiful hill near a waterfall. They soon find out that a gigantic elephant has been trapped in a gully nearby. Nel, who loves animals, takes pity on the beast and saves it from starvation by throwing fruits and leaves into the gorge. The girl and the elephant (which is extremely intelligent and benign and whom Nel calls "King" because of its size) quickly become friends.
Soon Nel is stricken with malaria and is about to die; Sta?, mad with grief, decides to go to what he thinks is a Bedouin camp and beg for quinine. When he gets to the camp he find out that it belongs to an old Swiss explorer named Linde. The man had been severely injured by a wild boar and is waiting for death. All his African servants had fallen ill to sleeping sickness and die one after another. Although horrified by this gruesome death camp, Sta? becomes friend with Linde who generously supplies him with food, weapon, gunpowder and quinine. Thanks to the medicine Nel recovers. Sta?, grateful for Linde's help, accompanies the Swiss until the man's death. Then, using Linde's gunpowder, he frees King from the trap and they set out in further journey.
Accompanying the children further on their journey is the 12-year-old slave boy of Linde, Nasibu. The group sojourns on top of a small mountain mentioned by Linde before his death where Sta? teaches Kali how to shoot. On a certain day, a furious gorilla on the mountain attacks Nasibu but Nasibu is rescued by their now-tamed elephant which attacks and kills the gorilla. Deciding that the mountaintop is no longer safe, the protagonists move onto the village of Wa-Hima.
The tribes-people, seeing Sta? riding upon an elephant, honor him and Nel as a Good Mzibu (a good spirit/goddess). The group stays in the villages a short time, for Kali is by birth-right the prince of the Wa-Hima tribe and therefore well-known. Sta? is further venerated by the villagers when he kills the wobo (a black leopard) that was plaguing the villages.
Upon reaching Kali's home village the group learns that his tribe has been invaded by and attacked by their enemies since time immemorial - the Sambur tribe. Due to assistance from Kali's tribe and the guns carried by Sta? and Nel, the war is won in the protagonist's favour. Though because of his good nature, Sta? and Nel command that the tribes-people of the Sambur tribe not be killed but rather united with the Wa-Hima. Sta? urges the tribes to accept Christianity and live peacefully together.
Sta?, Nel, Saba, King, Kali, and 100 Sambur and Wa-Hima tribes-people move on to the East, which has not been mapped, in hopes of reaching the Indian Ocean and being found by English explorers who might be searching for them. Kali has accompanied with him also two witch-doctors: M'Kunje and M'Rua, in fear that they not plot against him while he is gone from his home. However, it finishes tragically for the group: both of the witch-doctors steal food and the last of the water but are soon found killed by either a lion or leopard.
Many of the tribes-people accompanying Nel and Sta? die for lack of water. After the group has gone for at least three days without any water in the scorching dry desert, the children are saved at the last moment by two familiar officers who had recovered kites inscribed by Sta? and Nel earlier in their plight describing their whereabouts and destination. The group are saved and are informed that Mahdi has died of a heart attack. Sta?, Nel and Saba are re-united with their fathers and they return to Europe. Kali and his tribe members return to their settlement on Lake Rudolf.
In a postscript it is told that, after growing up, Sta? and Nel got married and visit their friends in Africa after ten years. Revisiting the placeds where they had trudged with so much difficulty and danger has become quick, easy and safe - since everything was taken over by the British Empire which started building railways.
Maps In Desert and Wilderness
Characters
- Nel Rawlison - 8-year-old English girl. She is very pretty and sweet. Although at the beginning of the novel she seems to be timid and shy, later on she shows that she can be courageous and stubborn. She treats Sta? with respect and obedience, and often looks up for him.
- Stanis?aw Tarkowski (dim. Sta?) - a 14-year-old Polish boy. At the beginning of the novel he seems to be a little bit scornful and bigheaded. However, as the dramatic events develop, it is revealed that Sta? is extremely chivalrous and willing to sacrifice his own life to save Nel whom he loves like his own sister.
- Kali - African boy, Sta?'s servant who quickly becomes his friend. He faithfully serves his master and helps him to get going through the dangers of Africa. Kali became popular when a Polish colloquial saying about double standard was coined around the so-called Kali's morality: If somebody takes Kali's cow, it's a bad deed. If Kali takes somebody's cow, it's a good deed.
- Mea - African girl from the Dinka tribe, Nel's servant. Shy and quiet, she loves her little mistress and protects her from dangers.
- Chamis - one of the kidnappers. Earlier a servant of Sta? and Nel's fathers.
- Idris - a Beduin, one of the Mahdi's followers. Relatively well-behaved towards the children, he admired Sta?'s courage. He was tasked with bringing the children safely to the Mahdi.
- Gebhr - the cruel younger brother of Idris's.
- Mrs. Oliver - Nel's teacher.
- Linde - Swiss explorer, encountered by Sta?.
- Smain - husband of Fatma, relative of the Mahdi.
- Caliopuli - Greek worker employed by the Mahdi.
- Nasibu - servant of Linde, after his death he joined with the children on their further journeys.
- Faru - leader of the Samburs, the tribe opposing Kali's tribe.
- M'Kunje and M'Rua - witch-doctors of Wa-Hima, hostile to Kali.
- Doctor Clary - relative of Nel's.
- Captain Glen - met by Sta? and Nel in the train.
- W?adys?aw Tarkowski - Sta?'s widowed father, an engineer.
- George Rawlison - Nel's widowed father, a director of the Suez Canal Company.
- Fatma - a relative of the Mahdi. Her detention was the reason for the abduction of Sta? and Nel.
Film adaptations
The first movie version was directed by W?adys?aw ?lesicki in 1973. It lasts about three hours and is composed of two parts which were shown separately in theaters. It was released in 1973; work on it started in 1971. The movie was filmed in Egypt, Sudan and Bulgaria, with an international cast and crew. A mini-series was created at the same time. This version was shown in the U.S. on HBO in the Fall of 1975.
The 2001 version was directed by Gavin Hood and wrapped up in only about three months. It was filmed in South Africa, Tunisia and Namibia. The original director fell ill at the very beginning of filming and his role was taken by Hood. A mini-series were made at the same time as well.
- In 1961, a Polish writer and screenwriter Marian Brandys published ?ladami Stasia i Nel (Following the path of Sta? and Nel) and, in 1962 a related story, Z Panem Biegankiem w Abisynii (In Abyssinia with Mister Bieganek).
- W?adys?aw ?lesicki, the director of the 1973 movie released a book about making the movie, Z Tomkiem i Monik? w pustyni i w puszczy (In Desert and Wilderness with Tomek and Monika).
- In 1993, Wojciech Sambory (a pen name for a writing team) wrote Powrót do Afryki (A Return to Africa), as a sequel to the novel (published by Reporter-Oficyna Wydawnicza, ISBN 83-85189-54-8).
- The comic strip Nowe przygody Stasia i Nel (The New Adventures of Sta? and Nel) from Piechur weekly magazine is another sequel to Sienkiewicz's novel. It was published online on Steampunk in 2005.
- In 2017, Andrew Anzur Clement published (in English) the Keepers of the Stone trilogy, a continuation of Sta?'s and Nel's story partially inspired by Sienkiewicz's original work.
- Alina i Czes?aw Centkiewiczowie - Tumbo z Przyl?dka Dobrej Nadziei (Tumbo from Cape of Good Hope)
- Kamil Gi?ycki - Nil - rzeka wielkiej przygody (Nile - river of great adventure)
- Kamil Gi?ycki - W pogoni za mwe (In chase too mwe)
- Kamil Gi?ycki - W puszczach i sawannach Kamerunu (In wilderness and savanna Cameroon)
- Wac?aw Korabiewicz - Kwaheri
- Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski - ?ycie i przygody ma?pki (Monkey's Life and Adventures)
- Barbara Ryba?towska - Szko?a pod baobabem (School under adansonia)
- Alfred Szklarski - Tomek w grobowcach Faraonów (Tomek in pharaohs' tombs)
- Alfred Szklarski - Tomek na Czarnym L?dzie (Tomek on the Black Continent)
Poems
- Murzynek Bambo by Julian Tuwim
See also
- Mahdist Sudan
References
External links
- Full text of the novel in English (Gutenberg Project)
- In Desert and Wilderness public domain audiobook at LibriVox
- The novel in Polish
- W pustyni i w puszczy (1973) on IMDb
- W pustyni i w puszczy (2001) on IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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