The Nissan Patrol (Japanese: ???????? Nissan Pator?ru) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles manufactured by Nissan in Japan and sold throughout the world.
The Patrol has been available as either a short-wheelbase (SWB) three-door or a long-wheelbase (LWB) five-door chassis since 1951. The LWB version has been offered in pickup truck and cab chassis variants. Between 1988 and 1994, Ford Australia marketed the Patrol as the Ford Maverick. In some European countries the Patrol was marketed by Ebro as the Ebro Patrol. In 1980 in Japan it became known as the Nissan Safari.
The Patrol is available in Australia, Central and South America, South Africa, parts of Southeast Asia and Western Europe as well as Iran and the Middle East, excluding North America where as of 2016, a modified version has been sold as the Nissan Armada. For the 2011 model year, it was made available in North America as the upscale Infiniti QX56.
The Y61 platform is manufactured as a military vehicle in countries of Asia and the Middle East. Various versions of the Patrol are widely used by United Nations agencies. Y61 models are produced alongside the current Y62. The fourth and fifth generations are the main troop transport vehicles used by the Irish Army.
Video Nissan Patrol
First generation (4W60; 1951-1960)
In September 1951 the 4W60 was introduced exclusively to Japanese Nissan dealerships. The overall styling was similar to the Willys Jeep. The 4W60 used the 75 hp 3.7L Nissan NAK engine from the Nissan 290 bus, but with part-time four-wheel drive and a four-speed manual transmission. The grille had a pressed-steel Nissan badge. A 4W70 Carrier-based wagon was available.
The 4W61 was introduced in August 1955. The 4W61 changed the grille (with some chrome bars), a one-piece windshield that sits further back when folded, chrome strips on the hood and unequally sized seats (passenger's side is wider than the driver's). The other big change was the engine. The 4W61 was powered by the new 3.7-litre Nissan NB engine, producing 92 hp (69 kW), and later was powered by the 105 hp (78 kW) 4.0-litre Nissan NC engine. The grille badge was chrome and red and said "NISSAN".
In October 1958 the 4W65 Patrol replaced the 4W61. The 4W65 changed the grille, which now had all chrome bars and redesigned front fenders and hood. A "NISSAN" badge was on the grille and "Patrol" badges were added on the sides of the hood. An eight-seater hardtop wagon, the WG4W65, was added. The short-lived 4W66 Patrol was introduced in December 1956, powered by the 125 hp 4.0 L P engine. The 4W66 was discontinued in June 1960. There was a wagon version of 4W66 called Carrier, from 1956 to 1959.
4W70 series
The Nissan 4W70 Carrier was introduced in 1950 based on the Dodge M37. The 4W70 used the M37's chassis, but used the 4W60 Patrol drivetrain and engine. The grille was narrower and the front fenders changed. The 4W72 was introduced in 1955 (the 4W71 designation was skipped) with changes to the hood, grille and headlights. Power increased to 105 hp thanks to the new Nissan NC engine. Modifications again to the hood, fenders and grille and an increase in power to 145 hp led to the 4W73, introduced in 1959 and powered by the Nissan P engine.
Maps Nissan Patrol
Second generation (60; 1959-1980)
The soft-top Nissan Patrol 60 (two-door; 2,200 mm (86.6 in) wheelbase) and G60 (two-door; 2,500 mm (98.4 in) wheelbase) were first sold in Australia in 1960. Left-hand drive L60/GL60 models were sold outside of Australia.
US customers could get Patrols only from 1962 until 1969. Patrols were sold through Datsun dealerships, making it the only Nissan-badged vehicle sold in the United States until the early 1980s when the Datsun marque was phased out. An extra long wheelbase version, the H60, was also available.
The 4WD Nissan Patrol 60 series was produced in short, medium and long wheel-base versions. It had a manual transmission type-F3B83L at first with three and later with four speeds, two-speed transfer case with part-time four-wheel drive. The motor was the P engine, a 3,956 cc (241.4 cu in) inline overhead-valve six-cylinder, featuring bathtub-shaped combustion chambers and a fully balanced seven-bearing crank shaft. With two doors in front and one at the back and four seats (driver, and companion in front, two parallel back seats), the extra long wheelbase version (the H60) was available with eight-passenger capacity.
In 1963, the KG60 (and KGL60) hard-top models were introduced.
Nissan Australia claimed that the 60 series Patrol was the first vehicle to drive across the Simpson Desert in Australia, and built much publicity around the 50-year anniversary of the event, including a re-enactment with a similar vehicle ending on 21 July 2012 to publicise the impending release of their new generation Y62. However, a conflicting account claimed that a Toyota Land Cruiser support vehicle arrived before the Patrol.
Jonga
In the 1960s, the Indian Army showed an interest in two Nissan vehicles, the Nissan Patrol P60 and the Nissan 4W73. The first production units were completed at Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) around 1969. The name as per Indian army records is Jonga, which is an acronym for Jabalpur Ordinance aNd Guncarriage Assembly. It was built at the newly commissioned Vehicle Factory Jabalpur along with the Nissan 4W73. The first production units were completed at Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) around 1969. VFJ was sanctioned in 1965 for the production of three non-fighting vehicles for the Indian military: the 3-ton Shaktiman truck from MAN (Germany), the 4W73 (1-ton Carrier) and quarter-ton Nissan Patrol.
Interestingly, both the Nissan vehicles were fitted with the same engines and shared many parts.
The Jonga was briefly sold to civilian customers with a 4.0-litre Hino diesel engine in 1996, but demand was low, mostly due to uncompetitive price, as well as unappealing looks. Less than two hundred units were sold.
It served faithfully until the late 1990s, when it was replaced by lighter Mahindra & Mahindra MM550 jeeps. Many army auctioned pieces were scrapped by their subsequent civilian owners, or stretched and converted to people carriers in rural areas.
Third generation (1980-1989)
160 (1980-1989)
The 160 series was introduced in 1980 to replace the 60 series. In Australia, these are sold as the MQ Patrol. In 1980, the available engines were the L28, P40 and SD33. All models were available with a four-speed manual transmission, while a three-speed automatic was optional on long wheelbase vehicles fitted with the L28 engine. All 160 series Patrols came with a two-speed offset transfer case, which featured a 1:1 high gear and a low gear.
All models had leaf sprung suspension. The SD33 vehicles feature 24-volt electronics. Different trim options and colors were available, with options including vinyl or carpet floors and blue or brown interior trim. Air conditioning and power steering were available on deluxe models.
The front differential in all models was C200. In Australia, the standard rear differential was the H233. Some versions featured limited slip differentials (LSD). A heavy duty model rear differential was used in some pickup trucks and P40 engined wagons. This was the H260 model differential. In European markets, where less onerous off-road use was expected, the light duty C200 rear differential was installed in some vehicles.
In 1983, the MQ was updated. These are known as MK Patrol, however this does not appear on any Nissan literature or service manuals. Nissan parts dealers do not recognise these initials. Updates included a revised front end with rectangular headlights and an upgraded front suspension. The four-speed gearbox was revised and a fifth gear was added for most models. The four-speed was still used in some lower specced units, presumably to run out stock. A high roof ("Super Roof") version of the wagon was added at the same time along with the SD33T turbodiesel option. With 110 PS (81 kW) the turbodiesel can reach 145 km/h (90 mph).
The naturally aspirated SD33 diesel engine was updated at this time. Revisions included the use of three piston rings instead of five, piston oil squirters and spin on oil filter instead of a paper cartridge type. In Australia and some other parts of the world, the SD33-engined Patrols were revised to standard 12-volt electronics. To accommodate the turbodiesel's extra power, these models featured a larger clutch (270 versus 240 mm) and larger oil cooler (five rows versus three) than the naturally aspirated version.
These were the last Patrols to carry the Datsun brand--in line with the rest of the Nissan lineup, the Patrol lost its Datsun branding in 1984 in most markets.
260 (1986-2002)
The 260 series was a Spanish-built version of the 160 (easily spotted by the rectangular headlamps) sold in Europe and available in SWB and LWB with L28, SD33, RD28 and RD28T engines. The SD-engined version, at least in the UK market, had a 24-volt electrical system. Nissan Ibérica-built Patrols received a Spanish-made Perkins diesel engine and Spanish transmission to meet local content regulations. Nissan helped Nissan Ibérica amortize plant investments. The 260 Patrol later received a facelift with a new grille similar to that of the Y60 series which succeeded this generation elsewhere. Spanish production continued until 1994 for export and until 2002 for the Spanish domestic market.
Fourth generation (Y60; 1987-1997)
The Y60 was radically different mechanically from its predecessors as it was the first patrol with coil sprung suspension, increasing comfort and rough ground handling. All Y60 patrols had a three-link live axle suspension set-up at the front, with all wagons (SWB and LWB) adopting a five-link set-up at the rear. The utility model was available with both a leaf spring rear axle and from 1994 onwards a choice of the same coil-spring rear axle as the wagons. Sway bars were included on both front and rear coil-sprung live axles. Power steering was standard. Some wagon models had front and rear disc brakes while the ute retained rear drum brakes. The introduction of a synchromesh on reverse gear was another improvement.
The alternative model codes of GR and GQ were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively.
Most models had a rear limited slip differential and some variants had a vacuum or electric solenoid operated manual rear differential lock. A rear sway bar release mechanism appeared on some models. Some Y60s had a PTO-driven front-mounted winch, with an in-cab control lever to the right of the gearstick.
The Patrol was branded Safari in Japan, where it featured a 24V electrical system, instead of the standard 12V.
The TD42 and TB42 were available with either a five-speed manual and a four-speed automatic gearbox. The RD28T and the RB30 offered only a 5-speed manual.
Trim levels in Australia included:
- DX with manual mirrors, no central locking, vinyl interior, optional AC, manual locking hubs.
- RX (from 1995) with electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, AC, manual locking hubs.
- ST with electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, AC, automatic locking hubs.
- Ti (from late 1989) with electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, velour and carpet interior, rear AC, seven speaker sound system, alloy three-spoke wheels, automatic locking hubs. The Ti model had a high roof design with sunroof until 1991. Leather and woodgrain trim was made standard in 1992 with the Series 2.
A myriad of dealer-fitted accessories were available including sunroofs, roof racks, tow bars, driving lights, cargo barriers and side steps. The TD42 was available with an optional Safari turbocharger at some Australian dealers.
Trim levels in Europe varied by country. These include designations such as SLX, LX and many others in France. Finnish Patrols came standard with 2 batteries.
Two major updates came in Australia, one in 1992 (GQ Series 2), and one in 1995 (minor facelift). The most notable changes in 1992 were the introduction of fuel-injection on the TB42 motor with fuel injection, EGR valve and oil cooler on the RD28T, new seats, new trim, sound deadening and side intrusion bars. Other 1992 Series 2 refinements included a revised transmission, suspension, introducing bigger brakes, bigger wheels and the standardization of limited slip differentials and auto-freewheeling hubs. This update included new seats, trim and side intrusion bars.
In 1991 the rear indicators, tail lights and brake lights were relocated to the bumper from the body to meet Australian Design Rules, however they stayed the same in European versions. In 1992 another set of indicators were placed on the front quarter panel.
In August 1993 the TD42 lost weight to reduce fuel consumption and increase RPMs. This had the side effect of weakening the engine. The original engine can be identified by its silver rocker cover, whereas the lightened engine featured a black rocker cover. The RD28T got some extra changes, moving the vacuum pump from behind the alternator to the top of the engine. Driver-side airbags appeared in some European models.
1995 featured a minor facelift, with a redesigned front grille and the RX model entering Australia.
Known weaknesses included vibrations from the front end (largely fixed under warranty), cracking hinges on the rear door (due to the spare tyre's weight) and rust on rear window frames. The RD28T motor suffered from head gasket issues when driven with a heavy foot. European five-speed gearboxes suffered from bearing failures in fifth gear at high mileages. However, the TD42 was highly reliable . Patrols are known for their strong axles and good limited slip differential (when so equipped).
From 1988 to 1994, Ford Australia rebadged the Y60 Patrol as the Ford Maverick. This was a result of the Button car plan devised by the Government of Australia. The car was mechanically similar, although the Nissan version had rear disc brakes depending on vehicle grade, while the Ford had only drum brakes and featured different paint colours and trim levels.
All wagons had a 95-liter main fuel tank with the utility having a 90-liter tank and the option of a 95-liter subtank.
Engine specifications
Fifth generation (Y61; 1997-2013; 1997-present for select countries)
Y61 models first appeared in December 1997, available in 4.5-and 4.8-litre petrol, 2.8-, 3.0- and 4.2-litre turbo diesel and 4.2-litre turbo diesel intercooler variants. The alternative model codes of GR and GU were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively.
The drive train was changed in this model, including bigger CVs and more syncros in the manual gearboxes. The differential housings were widened to fall inline with the new body shape, but centers remained the same (H233 and H260). Some petrol wagons received a coil version of the H260 differential.
Comfort levels were increased over GQ, especially in the seating and NVH areas.
GU IV onwards
For the 2005 model year) a significant facelift model was released, with new headlights, box flares on each guard and larger tail lights. The troubles that plagued the ZD30 diesel around the variable turbo geometry were resolved by this refresh.
That same year, Nissan stopped selling the Safari in Japan due to poor sales. Nissan also made a two-door pickup version of the Y61 series available as cab chassis and with a style side tray in some markets. Although a new model was launched, this Y61 series still sells for offroad enthusiasts but with few options.
As of 2014, Nissan discontinued the fifth generation model worldwide, except for South Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, Paraguay, Sri Lanka, Philippines and some other African where the 4x4 competed against the Toyota Land Cruiser (J70). The fifth generation model was also discontinued in Australia and New Zealand on 29 April 2016.
Sixth generation (Y62; 2010-present)
The all-new, sixth generation, Y62 series Nissan Patrol was launched on 13 February 2010 in Abu Dhabi. A luxury version (Z62) was sold as the Infiniti QX56 from 2010, which was later renamed the Infiniti QX80 in 2013. The Y62 was introduced in North America under the Armada nameplate in 2016, for the 2017 model year. It was presented as a replacement for the first generation Nissan Armada (WA60).
As of 2017, the Y62 is powered by either a 275 hp (205 kW) / 394 N?m (291 lb?ft) 4.0-litre VQ40DE V6 engine for the entry level XE and SE trims or a more powerful 400 hp (298 kW) / 560 N?m (410 lb?ft) 5.6-litre VK56VD V8 engine for the upper level trims. The NISMO edition uses a tuned version of the 5.6-litre V8 producing 28 additional horsepower. Prior to the introduction of the 4.0-litre V6, a lower output 317 hp (236 kW) / 526 N?m (388 lb?ft) 5.6-litre VK56DE V8 was designated for the entry level trims.
As of 2017, all models come with a 7-speed automatic transmission although Nissan previously offered a 5-speed automatic and also a 6-speed manual for the entry level trim. A variable 4×4 mode package allows switching between four drive modes: sand, on-road, rock and snow. A Hydraulic Body Motion Control System is available. An electronic-locking rear differential, hill start and hill descent control, as well as lane-departure warning, computer assisted braking and stability control. The Infiniti version launched in the United States in 2010, the first Patrol sold there since the 60 series. The Nissan Patrol launched in Australia in early 2013.
The Nissan Patrol is offered in various different trim levels in the Middle East: XE, SE, SE-Platinum City, LE, LE-Titanium, LE-Platinum City and NISMO Edition. In Australia the Ti and Ti-L trim levels are offered.
In 2014, a significant facelift arrived, with revised tail lights with red elements present, globe housings and built-in LED headlights. A new tan interior was added and new sets of wheels.
Nissan introduced a limited-run Patrol Black Special Edition in 200 units. These cars offer several enhancements such as red seats, chrome detailing and a black matte exterior paint scheme.
Patrol Desert Edition
The Desert Edition comes with the 400 hp 5.6-litre (5552cc) engine, manually-adjusted cloth seats, navigation and regular suspension instead of the hydraulic body-control system.
Patrol Nismo
On launching the Nismo brand in the Middle East, The Nissan Patrol Nismo was introduced at the launch event in Dubai along with the GT-R Nismo and 370Z Nismo. Unlike the standard Patrol, the Nismo version comes with (5.6-litre) V8 with 428 hp (319 kW) engine tuned by Nissan's Takumi craftsmen. The suspensions is upgraded with Bilstein shocks and fitted with 22-inch forged-alloy wheels.
References
External links
- Media related to Nissan Patrol at Wikimedia Commons
- Nissan Patrol at Nissan's global website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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