- This article is about US uniforms. For the same combat uniforms worn from 1939 to 1961, see the Battle Dress; or for military action suits in general, see Battledress.
The Battle Dress Uniform ( BDU ) is a camouflaged uniform used by the United States Armed Forces as their standard combat uniform from the early 1980s through the mid-2000s. Since then, it has been replaced or replaced in every branch of the US Armed Forces.
Uniforms and BDU derivatives are still used extensively in other countries (some of which are excess US stocks transferred under the US security assistance program), while others are still imposed by some US, state and local federal law enforcement agencies or activities that may work in tactical situations, such as DEA FAST and SWAT teams.
By the end of 2014, the BDU was used by officers from the US Public Health Service as the uniform specified for deployment, but has since been replaced by variants of the US Coast Guard Uniform Dress Operations.
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While the Italian Army was the first military organization to issue veiled clothing, albeit in limited numbers, Germany was noted for their efforts in this field before the Second World War. After much experimentation, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (abbreviation OKW) authorized Heeres-Splittermuster 31, better known as the "splinter pattern", for use in the Zeltbahnen shelters in the 1930s. In 1940, SS-VerfÃÆ'¼gungstruppe (abbreviation SS-VT, renamed Waffen-SS) designed, tested and removed its own pattern and layout shortly thereafter.
The United States Marine Corps received its first military camouflage pattern in 1942, when a uniform three-color and five-color frog pattern was based on a 1940 experimental design. This pattern was mostly used in the Pacific Theater, but was not found to be very effective and at the European Theater the pattern was withdrawn altogether in 1944 - partly because of the friendly fire incident that was anticipated after Hari-H, due to its similarity to the Waffen SS pattern (Not to be confused with Flecktarn, modern design.) The disguised helmet and cover cover was issued in 1950 -an with the pattern of "grape leaf" and "brown cloud". The US Army also tried uniform camouflage uniforms on D-Day and throughout Normandy's operations, such as the Marine Corps uniform, but replaced the M43 uniform before being used away.
During the Vietnam War, the US Army's four-color ERDL pattern saw limited use among specialist units in the US Army, although most were issued oc107 sateens solid green olive or dry forests, while the Marines adopted a wide-service pattern after 1968.
The ERDL pattern of fatigues is identical in cutting into the third pattern of OD forest fatigues, and is available in both highland (brown), and lowland (greener) patterns, although lowland patterns are finally removed. Other patterns, unofficial, used in Vietnam include black painted or painted forest, often used by special forces, and various Tigerstripe Vietnam patterns (based on the patterns of the French Air Force and Foreign Legion and British design used in Malaysia), or the pattern of " commercial duck hunters ".
The general design and uniform configuration of the US BDU is similar to the Vietnam War forest uniform, which in turn is similar to the special uniform configuration worn by US paratroopers during World War II.
Maps Battle Dress Uniform
History
First published in limited numbers to garrison leaders, officers and generals to all branches of the US Army in September 1981 for replacement of old olive or old uniforms worn by Drab or OG-107, the following month in October, the Battle Uniform Dress began a broad field of military issues.
Since 1981, changes include the subsequent addition and elimination of the waist button adjusting tab, the reduction of the collar size, and the narrowing of the seams and fitting.
BDU was originally only published in a mixture of 50/50 nylon and cotton twill, called BDU Weather Berlimlim, or TWBDU. Complaints about this uniform heat storage, especially after the Grenada invasion in 1983, led to the introduction of Hot Weather BDU, HWBDU. The Hot Weather BDU coat and pants are built from 100% cotton ripstop, in a four-color forest camouflage pattern. However, after shorter wearing complaints and outdated cuffs, along with requirements imposed by unit commanders for uniform starch of all cotton for parades, BDU Hot Weather Improvement (EHWBDU) replaced HWBDU beginning in 1996. The EHWBDU component is made with 50/50 ripstop nylon and cotton poplin blend.
BDU is printed with a bright infrared dye. Close Signature Near Signature Management (NIR) technology is used in uniforms to help prevent detection by NIR Image Converter. This photocathode device does not detect temperature, but rather a variation of infrared radiation. NIR-compliant uniforms use a special fabric that allows soldiers to appear at the same radiation level as the surrounding area, making them more difficult to detect. It is recommended not to use starch when cleaning or ironing BDU, because the starch weakens the fabric and damages the infrared protective layer. A pair of steamed BDU does not even have to be used in combat.
Tropical heavy uniforms are not as durable as temperate heavy uniforms. Tropical uniforms will only last for 4-6 months of use when rotating four uniforms for a task, while a temperate uniform will last more than a year under the same conditions.
AS. Army
All US Army troops officially received their first batch of BDUs as new fields and garrison uniforms in moderate heavy-duty cuts on October 1, 1981. In addition, Patrol caps, boonie caps and M-65 jackets were issued in a timely camouflage pattern, including a new light brown shirt and a black webbed belt with a brass buckle.
BDU is the first camouflage uniform approved by the US Army since the Vietnam War, in which the ERDL pattern is used in a limited way. BDU immediately replaced all previous camouflage pattern uniforms for all forests, forests, and tropical environments, and in 1989, had completely replaced the standard olive knit uniforms that had been used since 1952.
AS. Marine Corps
The ERDL-patterned BDU was first introduced to the United States Marine Corps in 1977, when they removed the Olive Drab Green (OD) uniform. BDU became a uniform issued to the US Army in September 1981 in a forest camouflage pattern, to begin to replace the Olive Drab Green (OD) or OG-107 green color, which has been the standard outfit since the early 1950s. The change is to better hide Marines and Soldiers effectively in forest areas or Tropical Operations Areas with macro-shaped patterns, as opposed to OD, which has only one green color. It is mainly based on the color of the forest especially northern Europe. It uses shades of green, brown, brown, and black, originally printed onto twill cotton-nylon, known as the "Temperate Weight" uniform. The lighter "Tropical Weight" BDU uniform was introduced in 1987 with a pattern printed on 100% cotton rip-stop poplin fabric, to prevent a smaller tear from enlargement.
Initially, no nametapes were used with BDU USMC, officially referred to by USMC as "camouflage utility uniform" during its use. However, in October 1991, USMC began wearing nametapes on their BDU to comply with the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), becoming mandatory in October 1992. In the case of USMC, nametape inscribed with the name of the embroidered user on the right. pocket, and a "US MARINE" nametape that is embroidered on top of the left pocket.
USMC's BDU is worn with Eagle, Globe, and Anchor (EGA) ironed in the center of the wearer's left breast pocket, under the pocket lid. The initial USMC BDUs display the letters "USMC" under the EGA, however, which were discontinued later, with only the EGA being used at the end of the BDU with USMC. EGA was ironed into bags of BDU blouses by USMC recruits at the end of MCRD after completing their training to mark their baptism as US Marines. The same is done on the eight-point "cover utility" cap that is used with the USMC version of BDU. The successor of BDU, MCCUU, has EGA embroidery and not stencils on blouses and all caps.
AS. Air Force
The US Air Force Air Force initially only issued its BDU ERDL to more than combat weapons units placed at sea such as United States Air Force Security Force, Combat Control and United States Air Force Pararescue PJs October 1, 1981, the same time as Army and Marines. The Air Force did not allow non-combat weapons The Air Force Special Code used the BDU forest pattern until the summer of 1987, and mandated them as the only "Fatigue" uniform until 1988.
US Navy sailors began issuing BDU in new forest schemes and cutting the temperate zones together with other branches. The US Navy refers to the uniform as "Camouflage Debt Uniform" (CUU) during its use.
AS. Coast Guard
Coast Guardsmen began issuing new forest BDUs around the same time as other service branches.
Successor
The US military has run trials of many camouflage patterns (some used by foreign military), and issued a special environmental uniform, especially the six-colored Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU), dubbed the "chocolate camouflage chip", designed in 1962. and " desert night "(NCDBDU). Both uniforms were used in 1991, during the Persian Gulf War. BDU desert was stopped after the war.
The Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) in three camouflage colors of the desert was introduced in 1992, and used in operations in Somalia (1993); it was in service in Afghanistan and Iraq from the start of the feud, but the US Army and the US Marine Corps have replaced the DCU with new uniforms (ACU and MCCUU, respectively). DCUs are colloquially called "coffee stains" by the soldiers who wear them. In testing, US Army researchers found that, as in other environments, the color of the desert field varies, and can range from pink to blue, depending on the mineral in the ground and the time of day. Because uniform color fillings in the desert are usually 10 times larger than in forested areas, it was decided to change the existing six colored DBDU pattern. This led to the development of three-color DCU patterns, which were adopted.
AS. Marine Corps
The development of modern camouflage patterns and the growing desire of various branches of the US military to differentiate themselves from one another has resulted in a new pattern for uniforms. The US Marine Corps is the first branch to replace their BDU. Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform (MCCUU) uses the computer-generated MARPAT pattern and several other enhancements. It was approved for use in June 2001, became available for purchase in 2002, and the replacement was completed on October 1, 2004. BDU was authorized to wear until April 1, 2005 in limited exceptions to small numbers of Marines who did not have MCCUU. The USMC Special Operations Unit (MARSOC) recently unveiled the M81 forest-patterned uniform to complement the MARPAT uniform for a special mission.
AS. Army
In 2004, the US Army launched the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), his successor to BDU. From late 2005 to early 2007, the US Army initiated a BDU replacement process with the ACU, with BDU officially terminated by soldiers in April 2008. The JROTC Army followed suit thereafter in 2009.
The original version of the ACU uniform uses a pixelated "digital" pattern known as the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP). UCP is similar to MARPAT, but uses a more neutral and less saturated color. Neutral colors, especially green leaves and yellow sand, are designed to be the best in deserts, forests, and urban battle situations. ACUs in UCP are used by soldiers in all environments except for areas with snow, because UCP patterns work poorly against white despite heavy gray usage. BDU is all white and ECWCS is used instead for winter warfare.
Starting in 2010 the Army uses ACU with commercial MultiCam commercial pattern for its troops operating in Afghanistan. This pattern was adopted for use in Afghanistan because of the ineffectiveness of UCP in camouflage users efficiently in most of Afghanistan's operational environments due to heavy gray usage and no dark color. By 2015, the Army adopted modifications from the original predecessors developed by the army to MultiCam to completely replace UCP. This new pattern is named Camouflage Operating Pattern (OCP) and comes with some long-desired improvements to the 2004 specification for ACU, such as the removal of the mandarin collar.
From 2004 to 2007, the US Navy began issuing uniformly uniform "blue" and uniform gray "Uniform" Navy patterns (NWU). While NWU is not a tactical uniform or a uniform of war clothes, it is intended to replace many of the existing ensemble workings (utilities, khakis, clothes, M81 BDU, etc.). The disturbing pattern is primarily intended to complement the color of US Navy ships and to hide stains and wear and tear, and should make the wearer a less visible visual target for hostile troops while working on naval vessels at the port.
To meet the Navy's cold weather requirements, the NWU includes a fleece jacket, pullover sweater, and parka options. US Navy SEALs, Seabees, and other US Navy personnel are deployed onshore under the awareness of the US Navy Command Center using the "M81" BDU forest (referred to by the navy as CCU) and DCU for outdoor operations or activities in certain areas of responsibility (AOR), until the release of NWU Type III in the AOR camouflage pattern.
AS. Air Force
In 2004 and 2005, the US Air Force experimented with, but rejected, the blue tigerstripe uniform. In 2006, a new BDU style uniform called Airman Battle Uniform (ABU) was adopted, using a semi-pixelated tiger pattern with four soft earth tones consisting of tan, gray, green and blue. This fails, however, to include many significant improvements of the ACU and MCCUU. As of 2007, it's in production today.
In 2008, responding to criticism that the new Airman Battle Uniform was too heavy and hot in a high-temperature environment, the USAN Aeronautical Systems 648 Squadron at Brooks City-Base revealed plans to switch to lighter and more breathable fabrics for combat blouse parts. from ABU. The original heavyweight cotton nylon mixture is converted into a lighter cotton nylon poplin material. Priority will be given to those serving in the Middle East or other hot-weather theater.
On May 4, 2016, the Civil Air Patrol Air National Commander announced the USAF approval for the Civil Air Patrol to begin its transition to Airman Battle Uniform.
On May 14, 2018, the Air Force announced the adoption of the uniform Pattern of Operational Camouflage Army, however, the badge will be different. The transition will be completed by April 1, 2021.
AS. Coast Guard
The US Coast Guard has introduced a new Operational Dress Uniform (ODU) uniform in 2004 to replace the winter and summer uniforms "Undress Duty". Resembling BDU, ODU retains the basic design of the old-style BDU uniform, but with the bottom pocket on the blouse removed. Arms can be used "folded" in a manner similar to the US Army and BDU Air Force (because it is forbidden with the Army ACU) and trousers "abused" into the shoe (except boating shoes worn, as is common). for the US Coast Guard Guard, patrolling the Coast Guard on a private water boat), with a black belt ODU and a black buckle worn with a two to four inch metal end of the buckle. ODU is also published in single blue as opposed to camouflage pattern.
Baseball hat-style baseball hats dark blue color is worn with this uniform. ODU also has all the permissible symbols sewn, eliminating the possibility of puncture wounds made by the pins if the individual suffers a blow to the chest while wearing a PFD or body armor. ODU is not intended for use by Coast Guard units involved in combat operations or deployed abroad. These units continue to wear the older BDU and DCU uniforms before adopting the Navy Work Uniforms for USCG units overseas or part of other DoD operations.
BDU in MultiCam camouflage is used today mainly by the public, public service employees, and some foreign military units. BDU can be purchased from civilian vendors in analog UCP patterns with ACUs as well, but these are not allowed to be used by US Army troops.
See also
Current
- Marine Combat Utility Uniform (MARPAT)
- Navy Working Uniform
- The Operating Camouflage Pattern
- Operational Clothing Uniform
- Airman Battle Uniform
- Army Combat Uniform
- MultiCam, also known as OEFCP (Oef Camouflage Pattern)
Former
- Desert Battle Dress Uniform
- Desert Camouflage Uniform
- Desert Night Camouflage
- United States Army uniform in World War II
References
External links
- Program Executive Army Program (PEO)
- ACU Factsheet
- ACU FAQ
- FAS page with descriptions and drawings of all BDU camouflage patterns
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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