Aloe ( , ), also written AloÃÆ' Â «, is a genus that contains 500 species of succulent flowering plants. The most well known species are Aloe vera , or "true aloe vera", so called because it is cultivated as a standard source called "aloe vera" for various pharmaceutical purposes. Other species, such as Aloe ferox , are also cultivated or harvested from the wild for similar applications.
APG IV system (2016) locates the genus in the Asphodelaceae family, Asphodeloideae subfamily. In the subfamily it can be placed in the Aloeae tribe. In the past, it has been assigned to the Aloaceae family (now included in Asphodeloidae) or to the widely circumscribed Liliaceae family (lily family). Plant Agave americana , sometimes called "American aloe", belongs to Asparagaceae, a different family.
This genus originated in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Jordan, the Arabian Peninsula, and various islands of the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, RÃÆ'Â Â union, Comoros, etc.). Some species have also been naturalized in other regions (Mediterranean, India, Australia, North and South America, Hawaiian Islands, etc.).
Video Aloe
Description
Most Aloe has a large, thick, and fleshy rosette. Aloe tubular flowers, often yellow, orange, pink, or red, and covered, clustered solids and pendants, at the top of simple or branched stems, without leaves. Many species Aloe do not seem to have a rod, with a rosette grown directly on the ground; Other varieties may have branched or unbranched stems from which the fleshy leaves are blooming. They vary in color from gray to bright green and sometimes striped or dappled. Some gaharu native to South Africa is like a tree (arborescent).
Maps Aloe
Systematics
APG IV system (2016) locates the genus in the Asphodelaceae family, Asphodeloideae subfamily. In the past it had also been assigned to the family of Liliaceae and Aloeaceae, as well as the family of Asphodelaceae sensu stricto, before it was merged into Asphodelaceae sensu lato.
The limits of the genus vary widely. Many genera, such as Lomatophyllum , have been brought into synonyms. Species at one time placed in Aloe , such as Agave americana , have been moved to other genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies, especially from 2010 onwards, suggest that since it is then restricted, Aloe is not monophyletic and should be divided into more strictly defined genera. In 2014, John Charles Manning and his co-workers produced a phylogeny where Aloe was divided into six genera: Aloidendron , Kumara , Aloiampelos , Aloe , Aristaloe and Goniale .
Species
More than 500 species are accepted in the genus Aloe , plus more synonyms and unresolved species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids. Some of the accepted species are:
In addition to species and inter-species hybrids in the genus, several hybrids with other genera have been made in cultivation, such as between Aloe and Gasteria ( ëlâ € Gasteraloe ), and between Aloe and Astroloba ( ÃÆ' â € "Aloloba ).
Usage
Tongue species are often cultivated as ornamental plants both in the garden and in pots. Many species of tongue are very decorative and are appreciated by collecting succulents. Aloe vera is used both internally and externally in humans as a traditional or alternative medicine. Plants can also be made into special soap types.
Many cultivars with mixed or uncertain breeds grow. From this, Aloe 'Lizard Lips' has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society of Garden Merit Award.
Historical usage
The historical usage of various aloe vera species is well documented. Documentation of clinical effectiveness is available, although relatively limited.
Of the 500 species, few are traditionally used as herbal remedies, Aloe vera is again the most commonly used species. Also included are A. perryi and A. ferox . Ancient Greeks and Romans used Aloe vera to treat wounds. In the Middle Ages, the yellowish liquid found in the leaves was favored as a laxative. Unprocessed aloe containing aloin is commonly used as a laxative, whereas processed juice usually does not contain significant aloe.
Some species, especially Aloe vera , are used in alternative medicine and first aid. Both pulp in translusen and yellow resin aloin from injuring aloe vera plant are used externally for skin discomfort. As an herbal remedy, Aloe vera juice is commonly used internally for digestive discomfort.
According to Cancer Research UK, a potentially deadly product called T-UP is made from concentrated aloe, and is promoted as a cancer drug. They say "there is currently no evidence that aloe vera products can help prevent or treat cancer in humans".
Aloin in the OTC laxative product
On May 9, 2002, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule prohibiting the use of aloin, yellow sap from aloe vera plants, for use as laxatives in over-the-counter medicinal products. Most aloe vera juice today does not contain significant aloin.
Chemical Properties
According to W. A. ​​Shenstone, two classes of aloin are recognized: (1) nataloins, which produce picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, and do not give red to nitric acid; and (2) barbaloin, which produces aloetic acid (C 7 H 2 ), chrysammic (C 7 H 2 N 2 O 6 ), pikrat and oxalic acid with nitric acid, by acid. This second group can be divided into a-barbaloin, obtained from Barbados Aloe , and flushed in the cold, and b-barbaloins, obtained from Aloe Socotrina and Zanzibar Aloe , flushed with ordinary nitric acid only when heated or with a grumpy acid in the cold. Nataloin (2C 17 H 13 O 7 O) forms a bright-yellow scale, barbaloin (C 17 18 O 7 ) Prismatic crystals. Aloe species also contain a volatile oil trace, to where their odors come out.
Flavoring
Aloe perryi , A. barbadensis ,
Attack event
Aloe rubrolutea terjadi sebagai muatan dalam lambang, misalnya dalam Civic Heraldry of Namibia.
Galeri
Lihat juga
- Daftar spesies Aloe
- Daftar perawatan kanker yang tidak efektif
- Daftar pohon asli Afrika Selatan
Referensi
Tautan eksternal
- Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & amp; Zizka, G. (2014). " Aloe ". Tanaman Afrika - Panduan Foto . Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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