Arizona is a landlocked country located in the southwestern region of the United States. It has a wide and diverse geography famous for its deep canyons, highlands and lowlands, many natural rock formations, and volcanic mountains. Arizona shares a land border with Utah in the north, the state of Mexico, Sonora to the south, New Mexico to the east, and Nevada to the northwest, as well as the waterline with California and the Mexican state of Baja California in the southwest along the Colorado River. Arizona is also one of the Four Corners states and borders on Colorado diagonally.
Arizona has an area of ​​113,998 square miles (295,253 km 2 ), making it the sixth largest US state. Of this area, only 0.32% consists of water, which makes Arizona the state with the second lowest percentage of the waters area (New Mexico is the lowest at 0.19%). Arizona stretches about 335 miles (539 km) in the widest and 390 miles (628Ã, km) in the longest, and has an average altitude of about 4,000 feet (1,200 m). The Arizona geographical center is located in Yavapai County, about 55 miles (89 km) east-southeast of Prescott.
Video Geography of Arizona
Geografi politik
Arizona is divided into 15 districts, and has 90 cities and towns combined. About 65 percent of Arizona's population lives in Maricopa County, which has a population of 3,880,181 in the 2000 Census. Maricopa County ranks fourth among the countries in the world in terms of population, and is denser than 24 US states. The district of Maricopa County is Phoenix, which is the largest city and largest capital city of Arizona.
The next most populous area is Pima County, which has a population of 2000 of 843,746. The county county of Pima County is Tucson, where almost all residents are concentrated. Combined, nearly 80% of Arizona's population lives in Maricopa County or Pima County, although the two districts make up 16% of Arizona's total territory. Due to the high population of Maricopa and Pima districts, the two districts were dominant in state politics.
About 15% of Arizona is privately owned, the rest of the land is mainly made up of public forests and parklands, reservation of Native Americans, military institutions, and desert plots owned by the Bureau of Land Management. Arizona is home to 21 recognized federal tribes, each semi-autonomous. Most are part of the Navajo Nation, which is a reservation of Native Americans in terms of population size and size. Navajo's reservations cover all of northeastern Arizona along with parts of New Mexico and Utah, and have a population of 180,462 at the 2000 census.
Maps Geography of Arizona
Climate
Due to the vastness of the country and various altitudes, there are various local climatic conditions. Overall, most of Arizona receives less rainfall, and is classified as having a dry or semi-arid climate. The northern part of the state and the mountains tend to have a cooler climate, while the southern part of the state tends to be warm throughout the year.
Rainfall
The precipitation in Arizona is governed by the height and season of the year. The peak period of rainfall is during the early winter, when the storm system from the Pacific Ocean crosses the state, and during the summer, then the winds that withstand the moisture are swept into Arizona from the southeast, which gains moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Summer rains tend to occur in the form of thunderstorms, resulting from excessive heating and moisture-filled air along the mountains. This lightning storm can cause strong winds, short periods of blowing dust, and rarely cause hail. The heaviest rainfall is found in the mountains of central and southeastern Arizona, while the driest conditions are found in the dry areas of southwest Arizona.
The number of days with measurable rainfall can vary from about 70 in the Flagstaff area to 15 in the Yuma area. Arizona's highest altitude receives up to 30 inches (760 mm) of rainfall annually, and lower elevations accept between up to 20 inches (510 mm). The driest part of the state is the southwest region, which receives under 3 inches (76 mm) of rain per year. The average annual moisture value varies from 55% in Flagstaff to 23% in Yuma. Due to high temperatures, low humidity, and the occurrence of sunlight, Arizona has a high evaporation rate. The average annual lake evaporation varies from about 80 inches (2,000 mm) in the southwest part of the state to about 50 inches (1,300 mm) to the northeast.
Snow
While the desert part of Arizona is famous for its warm climate, snow is not uncommon in parts of Arizona. From November to March, when a storm system from the Pacific Ocean passes through the country, heavy snow can accumulate in the mountains of central and northern Arizona. The ongoing snow may occur in the south such as Nogales, Arizona, located on the southern border with Mexico, as it experiences temperatures well below freezing temperatures during the winter.
Grand Canyon rim experienced snow during winter because of its high altitude. The southern rim of the Grand Canyon, located at an average altitude of 7000 feet (2134 m), receives 60 × inches (132 cm) of snow each year, and the Grand Canyon Grand Canyon, located at an altitude of more than 8000 feet (2438 m). ) received 144Ã, inch (317 cm) of snow.
Temperature
Due to the dry climate and the thin cloud covering the entire state, the temperature can change dramatically, from day to night, and from season to season. Parts of Arizona located in the Sonoran Desert have warm daytime temperatures throughout the year, while other parts of the country experience seasonal coldness on a regular basis. Yuma's average daily temperature, located near the southwest corner of Arizona, ranges from 43 ° to 67 ° F (6 ° to 19 ° C) in January, and from 81 ° to 107 ° F (27 Â ° to 42 Â ° Ã, Â ° C) in July. In Flagstaff, located in the interior of the state center, average daily temperatures range from 14 ° to 41 ° F (-10 ° to 5 ° C) during January, and from 50 ° to 81 ° F (10 Â ° to 27 Â ° Ã, Â ° C) in July. The record high temperatures for Arizona are 128 Â ° F (53 Â ° C), measured at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994 and July 5, 2007. The record low temperatures for Arizona are -40 Â ° F (-40 Â ° C), measured at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.
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Physiographic region
Arizona can be divided into two major physiographic regions: the Colorado Plateau and the Valley and Range Territories, and the transition zone between the two is called the Transition Zone.
Colorado Plateau
The Colorado Plateau is a semi-arid region, mostly flat from 5,000 to 8,000 feet (1524 m to 2438 m) in altitude, centered in the Four Corners region. The Colorado Plateau covers an area of ​​approximately 140,000 square miles (360,000 km 2 ). It consists of northern Arizona, except for a small part of northwest Arizona. The Highlands ends with a steep stone wall from Rim Mogollon, which defines the southern edge of the plateau.
The Colorado Plateau has the nickname "Red Rock Country" because its brightly colored sedimentary rocks are visible by drought and erosion, and are protected from deformation. The geology of the Colorado Plateau is exhibited by the Colorado River valley, and the Grand Canyon presents one of the most unique rock sequences in the world. The area has many distinctive natural features in Arizona, including the Grand Canyon, the Antelope Canyon, the Meteor Crater, the Painted Desert, and the Petrified Forest.
Transition Zone
The Transition Zone is a northwest-trending mountain slope of a central Arizona mountain area formed by the intersection of the Colorado Highlands in the highlands with the Lower Basin and Mountains Region. This area is called the Transition Zone because it is a transition between two regions, with characteristics of both. This area consists of a series of steep mountains and valleys. Many of the mountains in the Transition Zone are part of the dramatic Mogollon Rim, cliffs, or dramatic cliffs in places, stretching as far as 115 miles (190 km) from Yavapai County north to east to near the border with New Mexico.
The mountain range of the Transition Zone includes Mazatzal, Santa Maria, Sierra Ancha, and the White mountains. Due to altitude ranges in the Transition Zone, climatic conditions can vary greatly in small areas. The Transition Zone tends to be one of the areas in Arizona to receive heavier precipitation due to its mountainous terrain, and experience variations in temperature by altitude.
Provincial Basin and Distance Areas
The Basin and Range Province is an area that occupies the southern part of Arizona, along with a strip of land that comprises the western part of the country. It is also part of a much wider region that includes southwestern New Mexico, western Utah, and almost all of Nevada, and extends to northwestern Mexico. Basin and Range is characterized by steep, linear mountains alternating with long desert. The mountain range, which breaks through the long desert plains around it, can rise above 9,000 feet (2,700 m), and create biological islands that are inhabited by cold climate plants and animals. Geology Basin and Range is the result of extension of North American plate crust. Due to the extension of the crust, the crust area beneath it is the thinnest in the world. Basin and Range supplies almost all of the mined copper in Arizona, and contains other minerals such as gold, silver, and barite.
Rivers
Arizona's main river is the Colorado River, and one of its main tributaries, the Gila River. Nearly all of Arizona is drained by the Colorado River or one of its tributaries.
Colorado River
The Colorado River is very important for Arizona because of the eternal drought in the region. This river is famous for its role in the creation of the Grand Canyon, which was created for six million years. Some irrigation systems divert water from the Colorado River, the most important for Arizona is the Central Arizona Project. The Central Arizona Project, 336 miles (541 km) long, deflects 1,500,000 acre feet (1.9 km) of water from Lake Havasu City to central and southern Arizona. This river is also used for hydroelectric power through various dams along the river. The dam on the Colorado River, downstream, is the Glen Canyon Dam, the Hoover Dam, the Davis Dam, the Parker Dam, the Imperial Dam, the Dam Laguna, and the Morelos Dam.
Crazy River
The Gila River is 650 miles (1,050 km) long, and stretches from southwestern New Mexico to its encounter with the Colorado River near Yuma. While the upper Gila River flows freely, the part of the river below the Phoenix area is usually a completely dry droplet due to the diversion of water for irrigation. The only major dam in the Gila River is Coolidge Dam, located 31 miles (50 km) southeast of Globe, Arizona.
Desert
Sonora Desert
The Sonoran Desert covers the southwestern region of Arizona, including the cities of Phoenix, Tucson, and Yuma. The Sonoran Desert is one of the hottest deserts in the United States, and maintains warm temperatures throughout the year. Despite the rare amount of rainfall during the year, the desert is home to a diverse population of flora and fauna because it has two rainy seasons per year. Some plant populations thrive due to their particular adaptation to the climate, and various species of cactus can be found in the wild. The Sonora desert is the only place in the world where saguaro cactus grows in the wild, and hooked, hooked, thorny, and pipe organ is another type of cactus found in the Sonoran Desert.
Mojave Desert
Northwest Arizona contains part of the Mojave Desert, which is at a higher altitude than the Sonoran Desert. The boundaries of the Mojave Desert can be determined by the presence of Yucca brevifolia (Yucca palm), which is endemic in the desert. Unlike the Sonoran Desert, the Mojave Desert has several trees, both in number and in diversity.
Painted Desert
The Painted Desert is a vast area of ​​arid land located in the Colorado Highlands in Northern Arizona. It covers at least 146 square miles (380 km 2 ), and stretches from 30 miles (48 km) north of Cameron, near the Grand Canyon, ending just outside the Petrified Forest. The Painted Desert gets its name from the number of colored sediments and bentonite clay seen from its Chinle stone formation, left exposed by erosion. In the southern part of the desert, the remains of the Triassic forests have been petrified for millions of years. Most of the Painted Desert is located within the Navajo Nation, and can only be accessed on foot.
The Chihuahuan Desert
A small part of southeastern Arizona is part of the Chihuahuan Desert. Because of its higher altitude compared to the Sonoran Desert, it tends to have milder temperatures during the summer.
Island
Arizona is the third largest country that does not have ocean shorelines - after Montana and New Mexico. Although landlocked, Arizona does contain islands, although the country has the third lowest amount of water only 363,73Ã,² (942Ã,²Ã,²) after West Virginia and New Mexico. Arizona 0.32% of water is the second lowest percentage after 0.2% of New Mexico water. The majority of the Arizona islands are on the Colorado River (especially Lake Mead). Lake Roosevelt also contains a number of islands.
Mountains
Arizona is a fairly mountainous and hilly country, and is home to the largest contiguous ponderosa pine forest in the world. Many mountains are up to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) high, and some can withstand snow throughout the summer.
Arizona has 194 mountains named mountains. The highest along the southwest margin of the Colorado Plateau, includes the peak of the San Francisco volcano north of Flagstaff and the White Mountains Rim Mogollon. The southern and western regions of the Basin and Range of Arizona have as many rugged ranges as the islands of the desert in Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts.
List of ten highest mountain peaks in Arizona
Humphreys Peak
The peak of Humphreys in the Coconino National Forest is the highest peak in Arizona. It is part of the San Francisco Peaks, a volcanic volcano 9 miles (14 km) north of Flagstaff. It peaks at 12,633 feet (3,851 m) above sea level, and is one of the most prominent peaks in the United States outside the Rocky Mountains. The mountain is high enough to sustain the snow cover in summer, when temperatures do not exceed 40Ã Â ° F. The only road maintained to the summit is the Humphreys Trail, a heavy climb that begins in Arizona Snowbowl. To the top of the trail Humphreys Peak contains the only subarctic tundra area in the south of the Rocky Mountains.
Agassiz Peak
Simply referred to as "Agassiz", Agassiz Peak is the peak of Mount Humphreys sister and one of the San Francisco Mountains' 'Big 4', or the top five peaks in Arizona. The peak is 12,356 feet (3,766 m) above sea level. The mountain is closed for summer climbers to protect the fragile tundra environment. This peak loses snow usually at the end of May but has been known to keep snow until June.
Fremont Peak
At an altitude of 11,946 feet (3,641 m) above sea level, Fremont Peak is also located in the San Francisco Mountains. The summit is relatively unknown to visitors and locals, and is located along Doyle Saddle, where it is not particularly prominent. It's really not the peak, just a high point on Doyle Saddle. The Humphreys Trail runs on this ridge and on top of Fremont Peak.
Aubineau Peak
Aubineau Peak, the fourth highest peak in Arizona, peaks at 11,818 feet (3,602 m) above sea level. This is a fairly steep peak, and home to an avalanche in 2005. This mountain is on the north side of the San Francisco Mountains and borders the Abineau Valley.
Top Ree
Peak Ree is a much smaller peak than most peaks in the San Francisco mountains, and at 11,444 feet (3,488 m), it makes the northeast end of the range. This peak does not have an alpine tundra but is home to the famous bristlecone pine. The peak can only be distinguished by looking directly at it, otherwise the other peak actually takes it out.
Doyle Peak
Doyle Peak is listed at 11,440 feet (3,487 m), and can be seen as the most peak on the right, if you see the San Francisco Mountains from the Flagstaff area. The peak can be seen from the Shultz Pass road, and is known for its continuous aspen belt. This peak is the starting point of Doyle Saddle, connecting Doyle Peak with Agassiz Peak.
Mount Baldy
Mount Baldy, located in the White Mountains of Arizona at Fort Apache Indian Reservation, is a eroded mountain peak that peaks 11,391 feet (3,472 m) above sea level. His name was given by locals for not having a tree on the upper ridge, giving it a bald appearance. Mount Baldy is home to the Sunrise Ski Area. This mountain is not part of the range, only one prominent peak whose pelvis is soft and the top is round, not rough. It's the same for most of the White Mountains, a very old geological range as high as the Alaska Range, but it has been eroded for thousands of years. Mount Baldy is home to the bristlecone pine forests, and some regard the White Mountains as an extension of the Rocky Mountains because the averages are similar in height, species of trees, animals, and weather.
Mount Ord
At 11,348 feet (3,459 m), Mount Ord is part of the White Mountains, and is located in Apache County on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. Snow is often on this mountain for the longest during the summer because of its high altitude and sloping northern slopes, snow can stick at 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 mm), sometimes more, until June, only then melt into patches.
Paradise Butte
At 11,148 feet (3,398 m), Paradise Butte is found in the White Mountains near Mount Baldy and Mount Ord, near Sunrise Ski Park.
Mount Thomas
In Apache County, Mount Thomas is perched at 11,121 feet (3,390 m).
See also
- List of regions of Arizona
- List of volcanic craters in Arizona
Note
References
Further reading
- Arizona Tahu Mountains, Arizona Highways Book
External links
- Arizona Geographic Information Board
- University of Texas Map of Arizona
- Arizona Atlas Electronic Arizona Map
- Mountain Zone
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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