Costa Rica is located in Central America Isthmus, which surrounds the point 10 ° north of the equator and 84 ° west of the main meridian. It borders both the Caribbean Sea (east) and the North Pacific Ocean (west), with a total of 1,290 km coastline (212 km on the Caribbean coast and 1,016 km in the Pacific).
Costa Rica shares the border with Nicaragua in the north (313 km long border) and with Panama to the south (348 km long border). The Costa Rica region is 51,100 km²² where 51,060 km² is the mainland and 40Ã, km² is water, making it slightly smaller than the US West Virginia state.
Video Geography of Costa Rica
Fisik geografi
The country's territory is a coastal plain separated by rugged mountains, Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Talamanca, which form the backbone of the country and separate the Pacific and Caribbean watersheds. Costa Rica claims an exclusive economic zone 200 nautical miles (370.4 km, 230.2 mi) and sea territorial 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi).
The country's spine produces many major river systems. Rivers that flow to the Caribbean include:
- Colorado River ( Rio Colorado )
- Pacuare River ( Rio Pacuare )
- ReventazÃÆ'³n River ( Rio Parismina )
- ReventazÃÆ'³n River ( Rio Reventazon )
- Sixaola River ( Rio Sixaola )
The river flows to Nicaragua Lake or the San Juan River ( Rio San Juan ), whose waters eventually flow into the Caribbean, including:
- SapoÃÆ'¡ River ( Rio SapoÃÆ'¡ )
- The FrÃÆ'¡o River ( Rio FrÃÆ'o )
- San Carlos River ( Rio San Carlos )
- Sarapiquà © s River ( Rio SarapiquÃÆ' )
Rivers flowing into the Pacific Ocean include:
- Abangares River ( Rio Abangares )
- Guacimal River ( Rio Guacimal )
- Sierpe River ( Rio Sierpe )
- Tempisque River ( Rio Tempisque )
- TÃÆ'Â © rraba River ( Rio Terraba )
In the eastern part of the country, the San Juan River forms a northern border with Nicaragua.
Mountain Range
Cordillera de TilarÃÆ'¡n
Distance Tilaran is part of the Continent Continent east of Lake Arenal and nearby active Arenal volcano, and runs into the Cordillera Central area further east. Located in the Abangares district in Guanacaste province.
At the far end of the range is the Monteverde cloud forest reserve, a major ecotourism destination.
Cordillera Centro
The Central Range continues Continental Divide east of Cordillera de TilarÃÆ'¡n. It has four major volcanoes: PoÃÆ'¡s, Barva, IrazÃÆ'º and Turrialba. The highest peak is IrazÃÆ'º at 3,432 m.
Cordillera de Guanacaste
The Guanacaste range lies in northern Costa Rica near the border with Nicaragua. This range forms part of the southern portion of the Continental Divide, the highest peak is the extinct stratovolcano of Miravalles at 2,028 m. Peaks include:
- Tenorio Volcano (1,913 m)
- Miravalles Volcano (2,028 m)
- OrosÃÆ' Volcano (1,659 m)
- Rincón de la Vieja Volcano (1,916 m)
- Arenal Volcano (1.670)
Cordillera de Talamanca
Most of Talamanca Range is included in La Amistad International Park, which is shared between Costa Rica and Panama. The country's highest peak lies in these mountains: Cerro Chirripó and Cerro Kamuk. Most of its territory is covered by forests.
Cerros de EscazÃÆ'º
The Cerros de EscazÃÆ'º limits the Central Valley to the south and is considered to be the northernmost part of the Cordillera de Talamanca.
Maps Geography of Costa Rica
Climate
The climate of Costa Rica is mostly tropical and subtropical.
Ecology
Like all Central American countries, Costa Rica is considered a biodiversity hotspot. According to INBio, about 4.5% of the world's biodiversity can be found in Costa Rica. Costa Rica is home to about 12,119 plant species, of which 950 is endemic. There are 117 native trees and more than 1,400 species of orchids; one third of them can be found at the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. Almost half of the country's land is covered by forests, although only 3.5% are covered by primary forest. Deforestation is a devastating process, with over 8,100 ha of forest lost every year. The main reason for high deforestation rates is making the plains for livestock.
Wildlife diversity is very high; there are 441 species of amphibians and reptiles, 838 species of birds, 232 species of mammals and 181 species of freshwater fish. Costa Rica has a high degree of endemism; 81 species of amphibians and reptiles, 17 species of birds and 7 species of mammals are endemic in the country. However, many species are endangered. According to the World Conservation Monitoring Center, 209 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and plants are threatened with extinction. Some of the most endangered species in the country are Harpy hawks, giant pangolins, Gold frogs, and Jaguars. IUCN reported the Golden Frog has become extinct.
Protected area
Costa Rica is famous for its 26 national parks and over 160 protected areas. Other types of protected areas in Costa Rica are the National Wildlife Refugees, Biological Reserves, Protected Zones, and Absolut Nature Reserves. Together the protected area covers more than a quarter of Costa Rica's territory. 9.3% of these countries are covered by IUCN Category I-V.
Tortuguero National Park
The creation of Tortuguero National Park in 1970 provided much needed protection for one of the region's most important and unique natural resources: a 22 km stretch of coastline that serves as a major nesting ground for sea turtles.
Environmental issues
Environmental issues include deforestation, largely due to land clearing for livestock; avalanches; coastal marine pollution; fishery protection; solid waste management; and air pollution.
Deforestation
Environmental agreements
Costa Rica is a party to many environmental agreements, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on Environmental Modification, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Montreal Protocol, the Ramsar Convention, the International Convention for the Regulation of the Spreading of the Pope, the Convention's Dissemination, the Endangered Species Convention , The Basel Convention, the Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Marine Disposal, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. It has signed but not ratified the Convention on the Conservation of Marine Life and the Kyoto Protocol.
Geography
Area
- Total: 51100 sq km
- Land: 50,660 sq km
- Water: 440 sq km
Landline
- Total: 661 km
- Country of border: Nicaragua 313 km, Panama 348 km
Coastline
- 1,290 km
Maritime claims
- Territorial sea: 12Ã, nmi (22.2 km; 13.8Ã, mi)
- Exclusive Economic Zone: 200Ã, nmi (370,4Ã, km; 230,2Ã, mi)
- Continental shelf: 200Ã, nmi (370,4Ã, km; 230,2Ã, mi)
Climate
- Tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in the highlands. It says there are 15 different climates in a day.
Plains
- The coastal plains are separated by steep mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, some of which are large volcanoes. some parts are tropical
Extreme point
-
- The northernmost point - PeÃÆ' Â ± as Blancas
- The southernmost point - Cocos Island
- The southernmost point (mainland) - Border with Panama in Punta Burica
- The westernmost point - Cocos Island
- West Point (mainland) - Santa Elena Peninsula
- Eastmost point - Border with Panama, LimÃÆ'³n Province
- Lowest point - Pacific Ocean: 0 m
- Highest point - Cerro Chirripo: 3810 m
Natural resources
- Hydroelectric power plant from Lake Arenal, Costa Rica's largest lake.
Land use
- Plantable soil: 4.8%
- Permanent Plants: 6.66%
- Other: 88.54%
Irrigated land
- 1,031 kmÃ,²
Total renewable water resources
- 112.4 kmÃ,³
Withdrawal of freshwater
- Total: 5.77 kmÃ,³/year (15%/9%/77%)
- Per capita: 1,582 mÃ,³/year
Natural hazards
- Occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along the Atlantic coast; often low-lying floods during the rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes.
See also
- Costa Rica
- List of earthquakes in Costa Rica
- Error List in Costa Rica
References
External links
- Map of the Republic of Costa Rica from 1891
- Costa Rica is another historic map
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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